The treatment of diabetes aims to keep blood sugar levels as close to normal as possible and to prevent or delay the development of complications. The specific treatment plan will depend on the type of diabetes and the individual’s needs and preferences.
Treatment options for diabetes may include:
- Insulin injections or an insulin pump: If you have type 1 diabetes or severe type 2 diabetes, you may need to take insulin to regulate your blood sugar levels. Insulin can be injected using a syringe or insulin pen, or it can be delivered through an insulin pump that is worn on the body.
- Oral medications: If you have type 2 diabetes, you may be able to manage your blood sugar levels with oral medications, such as metformin, sulfonylureas, or thiazolidinediones. These medications help the body use insulin more effectively or increase the production of insulin.
- Lifestyle changes: Making healthy lifestyle changes, such as eating a balanced diet, getting regular physical activity, and quitting smoking, can help manage diabetes and prevent complications.
- Continuous glucose monitoring: Some people with diabetes may benefit from continuous glucose monitoring, which involves wearing a small device that measures blood sugar levels continuously throughout the day.
The long-term prognosis for people with diabetes depends on several factors, including how well the condition is managed, the presence of any complications, and the overall health of the individual. People with well-controlled diabetes and no complications generally have a good prognosis. However, people with poorly controlled diabetes or complications are at increased risk of developing serious health problems, such as heart disease, kidney disease, nerve damage, and eye problems.
Complications of diabetes can include:
- Cardiovascular disease: People with diabetes are at increased risk of developing heart disease, stroke, and other cardiovascular problems.
- Kidney damage: High blood sugar levels can damage the small blood vessels in the kidneys, leading to kidney damage or kidney failure.
- Nerve damage: High blood sugar levels can cause nerve damage, leading to problems with sensation in the feet and hands, as well as digestive issues.
- Eye problems: Diabetes can cause a range of eye problems, including diabetic retinopathy, cataracts, and glaucoma.
- Skin problems: People with diabetes are more prone to developing skin infections and other skin problems.
- Foot problems: Diabetes can cause circulation problems in the feet, leading to an increased risk of foot injuries and infections.
It is important for people with diabetes to receive regular medical care and to follow their treatment plan to help prevent or delay the development of complications