Community-acquired pneumonia is a type of pneumonia that is contracted by an individual while they are in the community, rather than in a hospital or other healthcare facility. It can be caused by a variety of different microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
The epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia varies depending on the specific causative agent and the population being affected. In general, it is more common in people who are older, have underlying medical conditions, or have weakened immune systems. It is also more common in people who smoke or who are exposed to environmental pollutants.
Symptoms of community-acquired pneumonia can include fever, chills, cough, chest pain, shortness of breath, rapid breathing, sweating, fatigue, and muscle aches. The severity of the symptoms may vary depending on the severity of the infection and the overall health of the individual.
Community-acquired pneumonia can be transmitted through respiratory secretions, such as saliva and mucus, that are expelled when an infected person talks, coughs, or sneezes. It can also be transmitted by coming into contact with objects or surfaces that have been contaminated with these secretions.
Diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia typically involves a combination of physical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests. The healthcare provider may listen to the patient’s chest with a stethoscope, order blood tests to check for signs of infection, and may also order a chest X-ray to look for signs of pneumonia on the lungs.
Treatment of community-acquired pneumonia may involve the use of antibiotics to kill the causative microorganism and may also involve supportive measures, such as oxygen therapy and pain medication. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary. The specific treatment plan will depend on the severity of the infection and the underlying health of the patient.