Treatment for hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, typically involves lifestyle changes and medications. The goal of treatment is to lower blood pressure to a healthy level to reduce the risk of complications, such as heart attack, stroke, and kidney failure.
Lifestyle changes that may be recommended to lower blood pressure include:
- Eating a healthy diet that is low in salt, saturated fat, and added sugars. This may include eating more fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins.
- Getting regular physical activity. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate intensity exercise per week or 75 minutes of vigorous intensity exercise per week.
- Managing stress through techniques such as relaxation techniques, exercise, or counseling.
- Limiting alcohol consumption to no more than two drinks per day for men and one drink per day for women.
- Quitting smoking.
In addition to lifestyle changes, medications may be prescribed to lower blood pressure. There are several types of medications that can be used to treat hypertension, including:
- Diuretics: These medications help the body get rid of excess fluid and salt, which can help lower blood pressure.
- Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors): These medications relax the blood vessels and lower blood pressure.
- Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs): These medications also relax the blood vessels and lower blood pressure.
- Beta blockers: These medications slow the heart rate and lower blood pressure.
- Calcium channel blockers: These medications relax the blood vessels and lower blood pressure.
It is important to work closely with a healthcare provider to determine the most appropriate treatment plan for hypertension. The treatment plan may need to be adjusted over time as blood pressure levels change